Excited to see this proposal and would be interested in following your results, and excited about bridging "traditional deep learning" and AF - I personally think that there's a lot of value in having a common language between "traditional DL" community and the AIS community (such as, the issues with current AI ethics could be seen as a scaled-down issues with the AGI). A lot of theoretical results on AF could benefit from simple practical examples for the sake of having a clear definition in code, and a lot of the ethics discussions could benefit from a larger perspective of AGI alignment (my own personal opinion)
I have a prediction that policy gradient RL agents (and all of them that only learn the policy) do not have good models of environments in them. For example, in order to succeed in Cartpole, all we need (in the most crude version) is to map "pole a bit to the left" to "go to the left" and "pole a bit to the right" to "go to the right". Having a policy of such an agent does not allow to determine the exact properties of the environment such as the mass of the cart or the mass of the pole, because a single policy would work for some range of masses (my prediction). Thus, it does not contain a "mental model". Basically, solving the environment is simpler than understanding it (this is also the case in the real world sometimes :). In contrast, more sophisticated agents such as MuZero or WorldModels, use a value function inside + a learned mapping from current observation+action to the next one, and in a way it is a "mental model" (though not a very interpretable one...). Would be excited about ones that "we can somewhat understand" -- current ones seem to lack this property...
Some questions below:
My background on the question: I worked in my MSc thesis on one of the directions, specifically, "using a simplicity prior" to uncover "a model that we can somewhat understand" from pixels. Specifically, I discover a transformation from observation to latent features, such that it allows for a causal model on these latent features with the fewest edges (simplicity). Some tricks (lagrangian multipliers, some custom neural nets etc) are required, and the simplicity prior makes the problem of finding a causal graph NP-hard. The upside though is that the models are quite interpretable in the end, though it works only for small grid-worlds and toy benchmarks so far... I have a vague feeling that the general problem could be solved in a much simpler way than I did, and would be excited to see the results of the research! Thesis: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/287445/ GH: https://github.com/sergeivolodin/causality-disentanglement-rl
This one kinda confuses me. I'm of the opinion that the human brain is "constructed with a model explicitly, so that identifying the model is as simple as saying "the model is in this sub-module, the one labelled 'model'"." Of course the contents of the model are learned, but I think the question of whether any particular plastic synapse is or is not part of the information content of the model will have a straightforward yes-or-no answer. If that's right, then "it's hard to find the model (if any) in a trained model-free RL agent" is a disanalogy to "AIs learning human values". It would be more analogous to just train a MuZero clone, which has a labeled "model" component, instead of training a model-free RL.
And then looking at weights and activations would also be disanalogous to "AIs learning human values", since we probably won't have those kinds of real-time-brain-scanning technologies, right?
Sorry if I'm misunderstanding.
I think the question of whether any particular plastic synapse is or is not part of the information content of the model will have a straightforward yes-or-no answer.
I don't think it has an easy yes or no answer (at least without some thought as to what constitutes a model within the mess of human reasoning) and I'm sure that even if it does, it's not straightforward.
since we probably won't have those kinds of real-time-brain-scanning technologies, right?
One hope would be that, by the time we have those technologies, we'd know what to look for.
I was writing a kinda long reply but maybe I should first clarify: what do you mean by "model"? Can you give examples of ways that I could learn something (or otherwise change my synapses within a lifetime) that you wouldn't characterize as "changes to my mental model"? For example, which of the following would be "changes to my mental model"?
FWIW my inclination is to say that 1-4 are all "changes to my mental model". And 5 involves both changes to my mental model (knowing that I'm grumpy), and changes to the inputs to my mental model (I feel different "feelings" than I otherwise would—I think of those as inputs going into the model, just like visual inputs go into the model). Is there anything wrong / missing / suboptimal about that definition?
Vertigo, lust, pain reactions, some fear responses, and so on, don't involve a model. Some versions of "learning that it's cold outside" don't involve a model, just looking out and shivering; the model aspect comes in when you start reasoning about what to do about it. People often drive to work without consciously modelling anything on the way.
Think model-based learning versus Q-learning. Anything that's more Q-learning is not model based.
Research projects
I'm planning to start two research projects on model splintering/reward generalisation and learning the preferences of irrational agents.
Within those projects, I'm aiming to work on subprojects that are:
The point is not just to solve the sub-problems, but to solve them in ways that generalise or point to a general solution.
The aim is to iterate and improve fast on these ideas before implementing them. Because of that, these posts should be considered dynamic and prone to be re-edited, potentially often. Suggestions and modifications of the design are valuable and may get included in the top post.
Force model use and then detect it
Parent project: this is a subproject of the value learning project.
Background
I've seen human values residing, at least in part, in our mental models. We have a mental model of what might happen in the world, and we grade these outcomes as good or bad. In order to learn what humans value, the AI needs to be able to access the mental models underlying our thought processes.
Before starting on humans, with our messy brains, it might be better to start on artificial agents, especially neural-net based ones that superficially resemble ourselves.
The problem is that deep learning RL agents are generally model-free. Or, when they are model-based, they are generally constructed with a model explicitly, so that identifying their model is as simple as saying "the model is in this sub-module, the one labelled 'model'."
Setup
The idea here is to force a neural net to construct a model within itself - a model that we can somewhat understand.
I can think of several ways of doing that. We could get a traditional deep learning agent that performs on a game. But we might also force it to answer questions about various aspects of the game, identifying the values of certain features we have specified in advance ("how many spaceships are there on the screen currently?"). We can then use multi-objective optimisation with a strong simplicity prior/regulariser. This may force the agent to use the categories it has constructed to answer the questions, in order to play the game.
Or we could be more direct. We could, for instance, have the neural net pass on instructions or advice to another entity that actually plays the game. The neural net sees the game state, but the other entity can only react in terms of the features we've laid down. So the neural net has to translate the game state into the features (this superficially looks like an autoencoder; those might be another way of achieving the aim).
Ideally, we may discover ways of forcing an agent to use a model without specifying the model ourselves; some approaches to transfer learning may work here, and it's possible that GPT-3 and other transformer-based architectures already generate something that could be called an "internal model".
Then, we go looking for that model within the agent. Here the idea is to use something like the OpenAI microscope. That approach allows people to visualise what each neuron in an image classifier is reacting to, and how the classifier is doing its job. Similarly, we'd want to identify where the model resides, how it's encoded and accessed, and similar questions. We can then modify the agent's architecture to test if these characteristics are general, or particular to the agent's specific design.
Research aims